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medical-device-firmware

safety-critical medical firmware

insulin pumps

SystemTechniques · 16Primitives · 44 medical-device-firmware Fault tree analysisembedded · medium: Write the unwanted top event as AND/OR logic over component failures, reduce it to minimal cut sets, then compute its probability and each failure's share.›Model checking and formal proofembedded · medium: Exhaustively explore a model's reachable states (or prove its invariants with a solver or proof assistant) to find rule violations with a shortest counterexample trace.›Safety-critical coding standardsembedded · medium: Which rule sets (MISRA C, CERT C, JPL Power of Ten, Rust lint subsets) apply when software must not fail, what they forbid, and how to enforce them in CI.›Safety monitor architectureembedded · medium: Independent doer/checker safety monitor that forces a safe state when the main channel misbehavesModel predictive controlrobotics · medium: Each tick, solve a small optimization over a predicted horizon, apply only the first input, repeat. Handles constraints and multiple inputs that a PID loop cannot.›Wear levelingstorage · medium: Spread erases across flash blocks: dynamic and static wear leveling, read disturb refreshDataflow analysiscompilers · medium: Compute a fact per program point (live variables, reaching definitions, available expressions) by iterating transfer functions over the CFG to a fixed point.›Memory protection unitembedded · low: A handful of base/size regions with permissions, checked on every access by the CPU, give microcontroller tasks isolation and stack-overflow traps without an MMU.›Redundancy votingembedded · low: N-modular redundancy and MooN voting (2oo3, TMR) with discrepancy detectionWatchdog timerembedded · low: A hardware down-counter that resets the chip unless software proves, in time and in a plausible pattern, that it is still healthy.›Memory self test marchembedded · low: March RAM tests, ROM CRCs and CPU self-tests required by safety standardsPreemptive priority schedulingembedded · low: Always run the highest-priority ready task, switching the instant a higher one becomes ready; selection is O(1) with one FIFO per priority and a bitmap.›Rate monotonic analysisembedded · low: Schedulability tests and response-time analysis for periodic real-time tasksDeterministic fixed-point mathgame-networking · low: Bit-identical simulation math across CPUs, compilers and builds: integer fixed-point formats, the float traps (FMA, x87, fast-math, libm), deterministic trig, sqrt and RNG.›CRC32C checksumshardware-os · low: The Castagnoli CRC-32 with dedicated instructions on x86 (SSE4.2) and ARMv8. It is the standard fast integrity check for storage blocks, logs and network frames.›AEAD (AES-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305)security · low: Authenticated encryption that encrypts and detects tampering in one call; the only kind of symmetric encryption you should use.›ECDH key exchange (X25519, P-256)security · low: Each side multiplies the other's public curve point by its own scalar and both get the same point; always validate the peer key and run the result through a KDF.›Secure boot chainsecurity · low: Each boot stage verifies the signature of the next before running it, anchored in an immutable ROM key hash, with version counters against downgrade and a TPM log of what ran.›Ble gattsignal-processing · low: Bluetooth LE link layer, ATT/GATT services and characteristics, connection intervals and pairingHierarchical state machinesystems · low: Nest states so a substate inherits its parent's reactions and only overrides what differs, with ordered entry and exit actions along the path.›BFS and DFSgraphs · low: The two basic graph traversals; BFS gives hop distances and levels, DFS gives discovery/finish order for cycles, components and topological order.›Binary decision diagramsoptimization · low: A reduced ordered BDD stores a Boolean function as a shared DAG that is unique per variable order, so equivalence is one integer compare and counting is one pass.›Swiss tabledata-structures · low: Open-addressing hash table that filters 8-16 slots at once with 1-byte hash tags and SIMD, giving fast lookups at 87.5 % load.›+ 9 more techniques+ 28 more primitives

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