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continuous glucose monitoring systems (wearable sensor + app + cloud)

Dexcom G7, Abbott FreeStyle Libre, Medtronic Guardian

SystemTechniques · 17Primitives · 69 cgm Deterministic simulation testingdistributed · medium: Run the whole system in one thread under a seeded scheduler with simulated network, disk and clock, so every failure replays from its seed.›Incremental sync cursorsdistributed · medium: The client keeps one opaque token; each pull returns only the changes after it plus the next token, so sync cost scales with what changed, not with the dataset.›Primary-backup replicationdistributed · medium: One node orders all writes and ships them to standbys; the acknowledgement rule (none, one, all) sets what a crash loses, and an external arbiter decides who takes over.›Fault tree analysisembedded · medium: Write the unwanted top event as AND/OR logic over component failures, reduce it to minimal cut sets, then compute its probability and each failure's share.›Safety-critical coding standardsembedded · medium: Which rule sets (MISRA C, CERT C, JPL Power of Ten, Rust lint subsets) apply when software must not fail, what they forbid, and how to enforce them in CI.›Mobile push deliverynetworking · medium: Sending notifications through APNs and FCM: HTTP/2 requests, token hygiene, collapse keys, TTL and priority, and the retry rules that keep you un-throttled.›Coverage-guided fuzzingsecurity · medium: Mutate inputs, run an instrumented target, and keep any input that reaches a new code edge; feedback turns blind guessing into incremental search.›Kalman filterrobotics · low: Optimal recursive estimator for a linear system with Gaussian noise: fuses a motion model with noisy measurements into a state estimate plus its covariance.›Sensor calibration compensationcontrol · low: Calibrate sensors with baseline and sensitivity fits and temperature/cross-sensitivity compensationHdr histogramdata-structures · low: Log-linear bucketed histograms with bounded relative error for latency percentilesLow power duty cyclingembedded · low: MCU sleep states, wake sources and radio duty cycling to run years on a batteryPreemptive priority schedulingembedded · low: Always run the highest-priority ready task, switching the instant a higher one becomes ready; selection is O(1) with one FIFO per priority and a bitmap.›Watchdog timerembedded · low: A hardware down-counter that resets the chip unless software proves, in time and in a plausible pattern, that it is still healthy.›Deterministic fixed-point mathgame-networking · low: Bit-identical simulation math across CPUs, compilers and builds: integer fixed-point formats, the float traps (FMA, x87, fast-math, libm), deterministic trig, sqrt and RNG.›CRC32C checksumshardware-os · low: The Castagnoli CRC-32 with dedicated instructions on x86 (SSE4.2) and ARMv8. It is the standard fast integrity check for storage blocks, logs and network frames.›Process supervisionhardware-os · low: A parent process starts services, reaps their exits and restarts them under a delay and burst-limit policy, then stops them with SIGTERM before SIGKILL.›AEAD (AES-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305)security · low: Authenticated encryption that encrypts and detects tampering in one call; the only kind of symmetric encryption you should use.›ECDH key exchange (X25519, P-256)security · low: Each side multiplies the other's public curve point by its own scalar and both get the same point; always validate the peer key and run the result through a KDF.›Mutual TLSsecurity · low: TLS where the client also proves a certificate key, so every connection carries a verified, rotatable machine identity.›Ble gattsignal-processing · low: Bluetooth LE link layer, ATT/GATT services and characteristics, connection intervals and pairingIIR and FIR filterssignal-processing · low: Two ways to shape a sampled signal's spectrum: FIR (finite taps, always stable, exact linear phase) or IIR (feedback, a few coefficients, cheap but phase-distorting).›Graceful drainingsystems · low: On a termination signal, stop taking new work, finish in-flight work until a deadline, tell clients to reconnect elsewhere, then exit; clients resume from a token.›Hierarchical state machinesystems · low: Nest states so a substate inherits its parent's reactions and only overrides what differs, with ordered entry and exit actions along the path.›+ 10 more techniques+ 53 more primitives

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