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network-os

switch/router network OS: ASIC programming (SAI), routing suite, state DB, gNMI telemetry, ISSU, EVPN/MLAG

SONiC, Arista EOS, Junos, IOS XR

SystemTechniques · 23Primitives · 85 network-os Desired-state reconciliationdistributed · medium: Declare the target in a store; controllers repeatedly diff actual against desired from full state and apply idempotent fixes, so missed events only delay convergence.›Deterministic simulation testingdistributed · medium: Run the whole system in one thread under a seeded scheduler with simulated network, disk and clock, so every failure replays from its seed.›Primary-backup replicationdistributed · medium: One node orders all writes and ships them to standbys; the acknowledgement rule (none, one, all) sets what a crash loses, and an external arbiter decides who takes over.›Pub/sub fan-outdistributed · medium: Deliver one published message to every subscriber of a topic by sharing one encoded payload and giving each connection a bounded queue with an explicit slow-consumer policy.›A/B partition updatesembedded · medium: Two bootable slots and a small atomic metadata block: write the new image to the idle slot, try it once, and fall back by itself unless it reports healthy.›Active queue managementnetworking · medium: RED, CoDel and PIE: drop or ECN-mark early to keep switch and router queues shortEvpn vxlan overlaynetworking · medium: BGP EVPN control plane with VXLAN encapsulation, VTEPs, MAC/IP advertisement and multihomingLongest prefix matchnetworking · low: IP prefix lookup structures (DIR-24-8, Poptrie, LC-trie) for routes, ACLs and geo-IPContainers and Kubernetescloud · low: Containers package a service with its dependencies; Kubernetes schedules them across machines. Use the smallest orchestrator that does the job.›Hdr histogramdata-structures · low: Log-linear bucketed histograms with bounded relative error for latency percentilesProcess supervisionhardware-os · low: A parent process starts services, reaps their exits and restarts them under a delay and burst-limit policy, then stops them with SIGTERM before SIGKILL.›Bfdnetworking · low: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection: sub-second link/path failure detection with tight hello timersBgpnetworking · low: BGP sessions, UPDATE messages, path attributes and best-path selectionEcmpnetworking · low: Equal-cost multipath: hash flows across next hops; resilient hashing on changesEthernet switching mac learningnetworking · low: Ethernet bridging: MAC learning tables, VLAN tagging, flooding and agingGnmi streaming telemetrynetworking · low: gNMI subscribe streams (on-change, sample) over gRPC for structured device telemetryMpls label switchingnetworking · low: MPLS label push/swap/pop forwarding and label distributionMultichassis link aggregationnetworking · low: MLAG/vPC: two switches present one LACP partner with synchronised MAC tables and peer linksPacket capture pcapnetworking · low: Lossless packet capture with hardware timestamps, pcap/pcapng format, replaySegment routingnetworking · low: Source routing with segment lists (SR-MPLS, SRv6) for traffic steeringTcam ternary matchingnetworking · low: TCAM ternary match tables: priorities, range expansion, power and capacity trade-offsYang data modelingnetworking · low: YANG schemas for configuration and state with leafrefs, constraints and generated APIsMutual TLSsecurity · low: TLS where the client also proves a certificate key, so every connection carries a verified, rotatable machine identity.›+ 16 more techniques+ 69 more primitives

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