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hypervisor

hypervisor / micro-VM platform

KVM, Firecracker

SystemTechniques · 1Primitives · 14 hypervisor Vm snapshot restorehardware-os · medium: Snapshot an initialised VM/isolate heap and restore it for fast cold startsHardware virtualization kvmhardware-os · low: VT-x/AMD-V via KVM: vCPU run loop, VM exits, MMIO emulationCopy on write snapshotsstorage · low: Point-in-time snapshots by sharing pages/extents and copying only on writeDirty page trackinghardware-os · low: Write-protection or PML logs of modified guest/process pagesDMA and IOMMUhardware-os · low: How devices move data by direct memory access, and how an IOMMU gives each device its own address space, faults on stray accesses and lets user space or guests own a device safely.›Huge pageshardware-os · low: 2 MB/1 GB pages to cut TLB misses; THP vs explicit hugetlbfsMemory ballooninghardware-os · low: Guest balloon driver to reclaim or return memory to the hostNested paging epthardware-os · low: EPT/NPT two-level address translation for guestsVirtio deviceshardware-os · low: Virtqueue rings for paravirtual block, net and vsock devicesVirtual memory and the TLBhardware-os · low: How page tables and TLBs translate every address, what TLB reach means, and when 2 MiB or 1 GiB huge pages pay off on Linux.›X86 boot processhardware-os · low: Firmware to kernel handoff: UEFI/BIOS, boot protocols, page tablesio_uringnetworking · low: Linux async I/O through two shared-memory rings (submissions in, completions out), batching or eliminating syscalls for sockets and files alike.›Virtual network interfacesnetworking · low: Veth, bridges, tap and macvlan devicesSeccomp bpfsecurity · low: Syscall filtering with seccomp BPF programsmmap and the page cachehardware-os · low: How read() and mmap reach file data through the kernel page cache, what readahead and madvise do, and why databases use their own buffer pool instead.›

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vm-live-migration 29 %unikernel 25 %

In-house systems

Named systems of this kind at large companies, with their paper or write-up.

FirecrackerAmazon