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gigawatt-ai-campus

gigawatt single-site AI training campus

Stargate Abilene, xAI Colossus, Meta Hyperion

SystemTechniques · 29Primitives · 74 gigawatt-ai-campus Datacenter coolingcloud · medium: Hot/cold aisle containment, free cooling, direct liquid cooling and PUE mathPower oversubscription cappingcloud · medium: Oversubscribe datacenter power with telemetry and fast capping (RAPL, priority-based throttling)Ups power distributioncloud · medium: UPS, PDUs, busways and redundancy schemes (N+1, 2N) for datacenter powerGang schedulingdistributed · medium: All-or-nothing co-scheduling of a job's tasksBattery state estimationembedded · medium: State of charge / health / power from coulomb counting, OCV curves and model-based observersDistributed checkpointingml-training · medium: Sharded, asynchronous checkpoint save/load of model and optimizer state, with resharding to new world sizesGpu health checksml-training · medium: Detecting bad GPUs/links before and during jobs: ECC/XID errors, NCCL tests, throughput probes, drainingPID controllerrobotics · low: Drive a measured value to a setpoint with three terms on the error: proportional, integral, derivative. The default feedback loop for motors, heaters, drones and gimbals.›Power management dvfshardware-os · low: DVFS governors, P- and C-states, race-to-idle, thermal throttlingCollective communicationml-training · low: The family of group exchanges (broadcast, reduce, all-gather, reduce-scatter, all-to-all) and the latency-plus-bytes cost model that picks ring, tree or direct algorithms by message size and topology.›Rdmanetworking · low: RDMA verbs over InfiniBand/RoCE: queue pairs, memory registration, one-sided opsNetwork topologiesnetworking · low: Fat-tree and Clos, dragonfly, torus and rail-optimized topologies: bisection bandwidth and diameterGorilla XOR compressioncompression · low: Time-series codec: delta-of-delta timestamps plus XOR of consecutive float bit patterns, storing only changed bits; about 1.4 bytes per point.›Droop controlembedded · low: Frequency/voltage droop: proportional power response that lets inverters share load without communicationBmc out of band managementhardware-os · low: IPMI/Redfish BMC control: power, boot device, sensors, serial-over-LANRing all-reduceml-training · low: Sum a buffer across N workers via reduce-scatter then all-gather around a ring; each link carries 2(N−1)/N of the buffer, which is bandwidth-optimal.›Bacnet protocolembedded · low: BACnet objects, properties and services over IP/MSTP for building automationModbus protocolembedded · low: Modbus RTU/TCP registers and function codes with polling and CRCFixed-rate control loopembedded · low: Run a controller at an exact period using absolute deadlines and a fixed dt, so jitter never accumulates and the math stays valid.›Distributed barrierdistributed · low: Rendezvous/barrier for a dynamic worker group: join, agree on membership and rank assignment, restart on changeSpline interpolationnumerics · low: Linear, bilinear/trilinear and cubic spline interpolation on grids and tablesExtended Kalman filterrobotics · low: Kalman filter for nonlinear motion and measurement models: linearize f and h with Jacobians at the current estimate each step. The default estimator in robot navigation.›Object storagecloud · low: S3-compatible blob storage at cents per GB-month with 11 nines durability; pick by egress price, request price and latency, not by storage price alone.›+ 22 more techniques+ 58 more primitives

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