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demand-side-platform

programmatic ad buying platform

The Trade Desk, Google DV360, Amazon DSP

SystemTechniques · 33Primitives · 99 demand-side-platform Deterministic simulation testingdistributed · medium: Run the whole system in one thread under a seeded scheduler with simulated network, disk and clock, so every failure replays from its seed.›Partitioned commit logdistributed · medium: A topic split into replicated append-only partitions: key hash keeps per-key order, offsets give position, and a high watermark limits readers to fully replicated records.›Primary-backup replicationdistributed · medium: One node orders all writes and ships them to standbys; the acknowledgement rule (none, one, all) sets what a crash loses, and an external arbiter decides who takes over.›Windowed stream aggregationdistributed · medium: Group events by event-time window per key, keep one partial aggregate per slice, and emit a window when the watermark passes its end.›Bid shadingeconomics · medium: In first-price auctions bid below value by modelling win probability versus bid and maximising expected surplusBudget pacingfinance · medium: Spreading an advertiser budget over the day via throttling or bid multipliers with a feedback controllerFeature interaction modelsmachine-learning · medium: Click/conversion prediction networks for ranking: feature crosses (DCN, DeepFM), embedding bags, calibrationSliding-window counterssystems · low: Count events in the last W seconds with a ring of sub-bucket counters; the two-bucket weighted estimate gives rate limits in 16 bytes per key.›Calibrationmachine-learning · low: Make predicted probabilities match observed frequencies: measure with ECE, fix post hoc with temperature, Platt or isotonic scaling on held-out data.›Feature hashing (the hashing trick)machine-learning · low: Hash each feature name to an index in a fixed-size vector, with a second hash for the sign, so no vocabulary is needed and memory is fixed.›Bloom filterdata-structures · low: Bit array answering "definitely not present" or "probably present" in about 10 bits per key for 1 % false positives; inserts are cheap, deletes impossible.›Count-min sketchdata-structures · low: d rows of w counters estimate any item's frequency in a stream, overestimating by at most ε·N with probability 1-δ, in fixed tiny memory.›Hdr histogramdata-structures · low: Log-linear bucketed histograms with bounded relative error for latency percentilesHyperLogLogdata-structures · low: Counts distinct elements in kilobytes with about 1 % error by tracking the longest run of leading zero bits in hashed values per bucket.›Double-entry ledgerfinance · low: Append-only journal of transactions whose postings sum to zero per currency; balances are derived, so money can only move, never appear or vanish.›Sealed bid auctionfinance · low: First-price and second-price sealed-bid auctions with reserves and floorsProcess supervisionhardware-os · low: A parent process starts services, reaps their exits and restarts them under a delay and burst-limit policy, then stops them with SIGTERM before SIGKILL.›epoll event loopnetworking · low: One thread waits on thousands of non-blocking sockets with epoll_wait and handles only ready ones; the core of nginx, Redis and tokio.›Longest prefix matchnetworking · low: IP prefix lookup structures (DIR-24-8, Poptrie, LC-trie) for routes, ACLs and geo-IPBoolean expression indexingsearch-sort · low: Indexing conjunctive targeting expressions so one event finds all matching ads/subscriptions fastMutual TLSsecurity · low: TLS where the client also proves a certificate key, so every connection carries a verified, rotatable machine identity.›Json streaming parserstorage · low: Streaming/zero-copy JSON parsing and in-place field rewritingGraceful drainingsystems · low: On a termination signal, stop taking new work, finish in-flight work until a deadline, tell clients to reconnect elsewhere, then exit; clients resume from a token.›+ 26 more techniques+ 83 more primitives

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