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core-banking

core banking double-entry ledger

Thought Machine

SystemTechniques · 9Primitives · 43 core-banking Batch checkpoint restartdistributed · medium: Large batch jobs (end-of-day, settlement, payroll runs) that checkpoint and restart idempotentlyRaftdistributed · medium: Leader-based consensus on a replicated log; one leader per term, majority commit; the default for a strongly consistent replicated state machine.›Hardware security module (HSM)security · medium: A tamper-resistant device or service that generates keys, signs, decrypts and wraps with them internally, and releases a key only as ciphertext.›Tamper-evident audit logsecurity · medium: An append-only log whose Merkle root, signed per batch, lets anyone verify an entry is present and history was never rewritten, with log-size proofs.›Bitemporal datastorage · medium: Valid time plus transaction time on every record for as-of queries, back-dating and correctionsChange data capturestorage · medium: Decode the database's own commit log into row-change events in commit order, with a resume position, so any consumer can mirror the data exactly.›MVCCstorage · medium: Keep timestamped versions of each row so readers see a consistent snapshot without blocking writers; the default concurrency control in modern databases.›Idempotency keysfinance · low: Client-chosen unique key per logical operation, stored with a request fingerprint and the final response, so retries replay the first result instead of acting twice.›Write-ahead logstorage · low: Append each change to a checksummed sequential log and fsync it before touching data pages; the basis of crash durability in nearly every database.›Sharded countersconcurrency · low: Split one hot counter into per-core or per-thread cells on separate cache lines; increments stay local and reads sum the cells.›Day count conventionsfinance · low: ACT/360, ACT/365, 30/360, ACT/ACT accrual fractions for interest and couponsDouble-entry ledgerfinance · low: Append-only journal of transactions whose postings sum to zero per currency; balances are derived, so money can only move, never appear or vanish.›Event sourcingfinance · low: Persist state changes as an append-only stream of immutable events per entity; current state is a fold over them, guarded by expected-version appends.›Iso 20022 messagesfinance · low: ISO 20022 XML payment and securities messages (pacs, pain, camt, sese): structure and validationMoney representationfinance · low: Store money as integer minor units with an explicit currency exponent, compute in wider integers, and round once with a named rounding mode.›Reconciliationfinance · low: Match internal ledger records against bank and processor statements by reference, then amount and date window; every unmatched or mismatched item becomes an exception.›Authorization models (RBAC, ABAC, R…security · low: How to decide who may do what to which object; roles for coarse rules, relationships for sharing, and checks on every object.›Group commitstorage · low: Let concurrent committers share one log write and fsync; throughput grows with concurrency while each commit still waits at most about two fsyncs.›Business day calendarssystems · low: Holiday calendars, business-day adjustment rules (following, modified following) and settlement cyclesCron schedulingsystems · low: Cron expression parsing and next-fire-time computation, with catch-up and time-zone rulesLeasesdistributed · low: A lock that expires on its own: bounded-time ownership that survives crashes and partitions, given bounded clock drift and fencing tokens on writes.›Exponential backoff with jittersystems · low: Retry after delays that grow geometrically and are randomized, so failed clients spread out instead of hammering a recovering service in synchronized waves.›Aes key wrapsecurity · low: AES Key Wrap (RFC 3394/5649) and AES-GCM-SIV for deterministic, authenticated wrapping of key material+ 2 more techniques+ 27 more primitives

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